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References to recent studies of tongue strength and endurance

The references listed below may be informative for the IOPI user. Some references provide additional information on "normal" individuals, which may be compared to the norms from the Iowa study (see Normal Values). Others provide information on tongue use and swallowing in special populations.

Clark, HM., Henson, PA., Barber, WD., Stierwalt, JAG., and Sherrill, M. Relationships among subjective and objective measures of tongue strength and oral phase swallowing impairments. Amer. J of Speech-Language Path 2003; 12: 40-50.

Crow, HC, and Ship, JA. Tongue strength and endurance in different aged individuals. J Gerontol: Med Sci 1996; 51A:M247-M250.

Goozee JV, Murdoch BE, Theodoros DG. Physiological assessment of tongue function in dysarthria following traumatic brain injury. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol 2001; 26:51-65.

Gommerman, S.L., and Hodge, M..M. Effects of oral myofunctional therapy on swallowing and sibilant production. Int J Orofacial Myology 1995; 21:9-22.

Lazarus, CL, Logemann, JA, Huang, C-F, and Rademaker, AW. Effects of two types of tongue strengthening exercises in young normals. Folia Phoniat.Logop 2003; 55:199-205

Lazarus CL, Logemann JA, Pauloski BR, Rademaker AW, Larson CR, Mittal BB, Pierce M. Swallowing and tongue function following treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000; 43:1011-23.

Luschei, E.S. Development of objective standards of non-speech oral strength and performance: An advocate's views. In C.A. Moore, K. Yorkston, and D. Beukelman (eds.) Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech: Perspectives on Management 1991; Baltimore: Brookes Publishing.

Mortimore IL, Bennett SP, Douglas NJ. Tongue protrusion strength and fatiguability: relationship to apnoea/hypopnoea index and age. J Sleep Res 2000; 9:389-93.

Mortimore IL, Fiddes P, Stephens S, Douglas NJ. Tongue protrusion force and fatiguability in male and female subjects. Eur Respir J 1999; 14:191-5.

Murdoch, BE, Attard, MD, Ozanne, AE, and Stokes, PD. Impaired tongue strength and endurance in developmental verbal dyspraxia: a physiological analysis. Eur J Disord Comm 1995; 30:51-64.

Murdoch BE, Spencer TJ, Theodoros DG, Thompson EC. Lip and tongue function in multiple sclerosis: A physiological analysis. Mot Cont 1998; 2:148-60.

Nicosia MA, Hind JA, Roecker EB, Carnes M, Doyle J, Dengel GA, Robbins J. Age effects on the temporal evolution of isometric and swallowing pressure. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000; 55:M634-40.

Robin, D.A., Somodi, L.B., and Luschei, E.S. Measurement of tongue strength and endurance in normal and articulation disordered subjects. In C.A. Moore, K. Yorkston, and D. Beukelman (eds.) Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech: Perspectives on Management 1991; Baltimore: Brookes Publishing.

Robin, D.A., Goel, A., Somodi, L.B., and Luschei, E.S. Tongue strength and endurance: Relation to highly skilled movements. J Speech Hear Res 1992; 35:1239-1245.

Robbins, J., Levine, R., Wood, J., Roecker, E.B., and Luschei, E. Age effects on lingual pressure generation as a risk factor for dysphagia. J Gerontol: Med Sci 1995; 50A: M257-M262.

Sharkawi AE, Ramig L, Logemann JA, Pauloski BR, Rademaker AW, Smith CH, Pawlas A. Baum S, Werner C., Swallowing and voice effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT): a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002 Jan; 72:31-6.

Solomon NP. Changes in normal speech after fatiguing the tongue. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000; 43:1416-28.

Solomon, N.P., Lorell, D.M., Robin, D.A., Rodnitzky, R.L. and Luschei, E.S. Tongue strength and endurance in mild to moderate Parkinson's Disease. 1995; J Med Speech-Language Pathol; 3:15-26.

Solomon, N.P., Robin, D.A. Lorell, D.M., Rodnitzky, R.L., and Luschei, E.S. Tongue testing in Parkinson Disease: Indications of fatigue. In: D. Beukelman and J. Till (eds.) Motor Speech Disorders: Research Foundations for Intervention 1992, Baltimore:Brookes Publishing.

Solomon NP, Robin DA, Luschei ES. Strength, endurance, and stability of the tongue and hand in Parkinson disease. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2000; 43:256-67.

Solomon, N.P., Robin, D.A., Mitchinson, S.I., VanDaele, D.J., and Luschei, E.S. Sense of effort and the effects of fatigue in the tongue and hand. J Speech Hear Res 1996; 39: 114-125.

Somodi, L.B., Robin, D.A., and Luschei, E.S. A model of "sense of effort" during maximal and submaximal contractions of the tongue. Brain and Language 1995; 5: 371-382.

Theodorous, D.G., Murdoch, B.E., and Stokes, P. A physiological analysis of articulatory dysfunction in dysarthric speakers following severe closed-head injury. Brain Inj 1995; 9:237-254.